Adenovirus

Adenoviruses (AdV) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or encephalitis. Adenovirus infections are more common in young children, owing to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infections may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The disease is more severe, and dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (eg, organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection, congenital immunodeficiency syndromes). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 50 serotypes of AdV have been identified. Different serotypes display different tissue trophisms and correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant serotypes differ among countries or regions and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant serotypes by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial because prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been done. Cidofovir is considered the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Vaccines have been shown to be highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection but are currently not available.Fil: Lynch, Joseph P.. University of California at Los Angeles. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Fishbein, Michael. University of California at Los Angeles. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Echavarría, Marcela Silvia. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Proposal of a system for assessment of the sustainability of municipalities (Sasmu) included in the spanish network of national parks and their surroundings

It is usually considered that Protected Areas (PAs) are an efficient tool for policies to conserve biodiversity. However, there is evidence that some pressures and threats arise from processes taking place both inside them and in their surroundings territories—habitat loss, changes in land use, fragmentation of natural ecosystems. In this paper, we aim to test the hypothesis that municipalities located in the Socioeconomic Influence Zones (SIZs) of the fifteen National Parks (NPs) in Spain are more sustainable than those in their surroundings or, conversely, that the municipalities of their surroundings are more unsustainable. To measure their sustainability, we propose a system for assessment using fifteen indicators selected by experts. The methodology is based on the normalization of the data of each indicator, comparing them with a desirable target value defined in terms of sector policies and strategies. We then aggregate the indicators for each group in three indices that cover the classic dimensions of sustainability—environmental, economic and social. On a network scale, the results show that municipalities inside the SIZs are 1.594 points more sustainable environmentally, 0.108 economically and 0.068 socially than those of their surroundings. A system for assessment of the sustainability of municipalities (SASMU) may be a useful tool for NP managers, and for local and regional administrations, when setting priorities for policies, projects and compensation for regulatory restrictions related to NPs

Comparación del test directo de anticuerpos fluorescentes y el cultivo bacteriológico para detección de Brucella suis

Methods available for detection of Brucella sp from different specimens include bacteriological culture or detection of specific DNA fragments by polymerase chain reaction. The use of fluorescein-labeled anti-Brucella globulin for demonstrating this antigen in animal tissues is a simple, easy, reproducible, cheap and fast technique. The aim of this work was to evaluate the gamma globulin fraction of polyclonal anti-Brucella abortus serum labeled with fluorescein iso-tio-cyanate (FITC-labeled antibody): 1) against different smooth and rough Brucella sp, 2) against bacterium of other genus, and 3) to compare direct fluorescent antibody test results with bacteriological culture for the detection of B. suis in different tissues from infected animals. This conjugate stained all Brucella sp with different intensities but it did not stain any heterologous bacterium tested. Background fluorescence associated with its use on smears from infected sources of different specimens was particularly low. Most of the infected tissues showed the presence of yellowish-green fluorescent organisms with brucella morphology. The tested FITC-labeled antibody allows a quick, effective and inexpensive diagnosis of brucellosis.El diagnóstico de brucelosis se apoya en el cultivo bacteriológico o en la detección de fragmentos de ADN de la bacteria mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. El empleo de una inmunoglobulina anti-Brucella conjugada a fluoresceína para la detección de este antígeno en tejidos constituye una técnica simple, fácil, reproducible, económica y rápida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la fracción gammaglobulínica de un suero policlonal anti-Brucella abortus marcada con isotiocianato de fluoresceína (FITC), 1) contra distintas especies lisas y rugosas de Brucella sp, 2) contra bacterias de otros géneros, y 3) comparar los resultados obtenidos con la inmunofluorescencia directa y el cultivo bacteriológico para la detección de B. suis en distintos tejidos de porcinos infectados. Este conjugado detectó todas las brucelas con distinta intensidad de fluorescencia, pero no hubo fluorescencia inespecífica cuando se ensayaron las bacterias de otros géneros. La fluorescencia de fondo en muestras de los distintos tejidos infectados fue baja. La mayoría de los tejidos infectados mostraron la presencia de microorganismos verde-fluorescentes con la morfología de las brucelas. El anticuerpo conjugado a FITC permitió un diagnóstico de brucelosis rápido, efectivo y económico

Metalurgia básica de algunas aleaciones de aluminio extruidas o laminadas

RESUMEN: Se presenta una comparación metalúrgica entre varios tipos de aluminios que se utilizan para la producción de láminas delgadas producidas por extrusión y posterior laminación, según las especificaciones: AA2024, AA3003, AA8011, AA6082 y AA8006. En el presente informe se expone la metalurgia básica de las cuatro aleaciones en estudio, utilizando los diagramas de fase pseudobinarios apropiados, para entender la secuencia de solidificación y los precipitados encontrados en la matriz de aluminio. También se realiza una comparación del comportamiento a la deformación plástica de dichos materiales y tener elementos de decisión para su posible uso industrial.ABSTRACT: This article outlines a metallurgical comparison between various types of aluminum metals alloys used for foils extruded and rolled: AA2024, AA3003, AA8011, AA6082 and AA8006. The basic metallurgy of these alloys, using the appropriate pseudobinary phase diagrams, allows understanding the solidification sequence of the materials explaining the phases precipitated in the aluminum matrix. A comparison of the plastic deformation of the alloys allows appreciate the possible use for industrial purposes

Self-collected saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A prospective study in the emergency room

Current diagnostic standards involve severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection in nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), but saliva is an attractive and noninvasive option for diagnosis. The objectives were to determine the performance of saliva in comparison with NPS for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and to compare the optimized home brew reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with a commercial RT-PCR. Paired NPS and saliva specimens were prospectively collected and tested by RT-PCR from patients presenting at an emergency room with signs and symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease-2019. A total of 348 samples from 174 patients were tested by RT-PCR assays. Among 174 patients with symptoms, 63 (36%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive in NPS using the optimized home-brew PCR. Of these 63 patients, 61 (98%) were also positive in saliva. An additional positive SARS-CoV-2 saliva was detected in a patient with pneumonia. Kappa Cohen´s coefficient agreement between NPS and saliva was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90?0.99). Median Ct values in NPS versus saliva were 18.88 (interquartile range [IQR], 15.60?23.58; range, 11.97?38.10) versus 26.10 (IQR, 22.75?30.06; range, 13.78?39.22), respectively (p <.0001). The optimized home-brew RT-PCR demonstrated higher analytical and clinical sensitivity compared with the commercial RT-PCR assay. A high sensitivity (98%) and agreement (kappa 0.96) in saliva samples compared to NPS was demonstrated when using an optimized home-brew PCR even when the viral load in saliva was lower than in NPS. This noninvasive sample is easy to collect, requires less consumable and avoids discomfort to patients. Importantly, self-collection of saliva can diminish exposure to healthcare personnel.Fil: Echavarría, Marcela Silvia. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Reyes, Noelia Soledad. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Pamela Elizabeth. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ypas, Martin. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Ricarte, Joaquina Carmen. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, María P.. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Matías Gastón. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Seoane, Alejandro. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Alfredo. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Videla, Cristina Mónica. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Stryjewski, Martin E.. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Carballal, Guadalupe. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Estimation of grassland biophysical parameters in a “dehesa” ecosystem from field spectroscopy and airborne hyperspectral imagery

[EN] The aim of this paper is the estimation of biophysical vegetation parameters from its optical properties. The variables Fuel Moisture Content (FMC), Canopy Water Content (CWC), Leaf Area Index (LAI), dry matter (Cm) and AboveGround Biomass (AGB) were estimated in the laboratory from vegetation samples collected simultaneously with the acquisition of spectral data from the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) sensor and the field spectroradiometer ASD FieldSpec® 3. Spectral vegetation indices found in the literature were computed from hyperspectral data. Their linear relationships with the biophysical variables measured in the field were analysed. Results show consistent relationships between analysed biophysical parameters and spectral indices, mainly those using SWIR and red-egde bands which reveal the importance of these spectral regions for the estimation of biophysical variables in herbaceous covers. Determination coefficients (R2) above 0.91 and RRMSE of 21.4% have been obtained for the spectral indexes calculated whit ASD data, and 0.91 R2 and RRMSE of 15.5% for the spectral indexes calculated whit CASI data.[ES] Este trabajo aborda la estimación de variables biofísicas de un pastizal de dehesa a partir de información óptica generada por sensores próximos y remotos. Las variables de contenido de humedad del combustible (FMC), contenido de agua del dosel (CWC), índice de área foliar (LAI), materia seca (Cm) y biomasa superficial (AGB) fueron estimadas en laboratorio a partir de muestras de vegetación tomadas simultáneamente a la adquisición de datos hiperespectrales del sensor Compact Airbone Spectrographic Imager (CASI) y del espectro-radiómetro de campo ASD FieldSpec®3. A partir de la información espectral se han calculado diversos índices extraídos de la literatura y se han analizado las relaciones lineales existentes con las variables biofísicas medidas en campo. Los resultados muestran relaciones consistentes entre las variables biofísicas y los índices espectrales, especialmente en el caso de los índices basados en bandas del infrarrojo medio de onda corta (SWIR) y del red-edge, poniendo de manifiesto la importancia de estas regiones en la estimación de variables biofísicas en cubiertas de pastizal. Se han obteniendo coeficientes de determinación (R2) superiores a 0,91 y un error cuadrático medio relativo (RRMSE) de 21,4%, para los índices espectra-les calculados con datos ASD; yR2 de 0,91 y RRMSE de 15,5% para los índices espectrales calculados con datos CASI.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el contexto de los proyectos BIOSPEC (CGL2008-02301/CLI) financiado por el Ministerio e Innovación y FLUχPEC (CGL2012-34383) financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Agradecemos al Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte la financiación recibida a través del programa de becas FPU del investigador predoctoral José Ramón Melendo. Nuestro agradecimiento al personal de SpecLab-CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá e Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria que ha participado en la recogida y procesamiento de datos.Melendo-Vega, JR.; Martín, MP.; Vilar Del Hoyo, L.; Pacheco-Labrador, J.; Echavarría, P.; Martínez-Vega, J. (2017). Estimación de variables biofísicas del pastizal en un ecosistema de dehesa a partir de espectro-radiometría de campo e imágenes hiperespectrales aeroportadas. Revista de Teledetección. (48):13-28. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2017.7481SWORD132848Haboudane, D. (2004). Hyperspectral vegetation indices and novel algorithms for predicting green LAI of crop canopies: Modeling and validation in the context of precision agriculture. Remote Sensing of Environment, 90(3), 337-352. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2003.12.013Hardisky, M.A., Klemas, V., Smart, R.M. 1983. The influence of soil salinity, growth form, and leaf moisture on the spectral radiance of Spartina alterniflora canopies. Photogrametry Engineering and Remote Sensing, 49, 77-83Hernández-Clemente, R., Navarro-Cerrillo, R. M., Suárez, L., Morales, F., & Zarco-Tejada, P. J. (2011). Assessing structural effects on PRI for stress detection in conifer forests. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115(9), 2360-2375. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.04.036Herrmann, I., Pimstein, A., Karnieli, A., Cohen, Y., Alchanatis, V., & Bonfil, D. J. (2011). LAI assessment of wheat and potato crops by VENμS and Sentinel-2 bands. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115(8), 2141-2151. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.04.018Hilker, T., Coops, N. C., Hall, F. G., Black, T. A., Wulder, M. A., Nesic, Z., & Krishnan, P. (2008). Separating physiologically and directionally induced changes in PRI using BRDF models. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(6), 2777-2788. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.01.011Hill, M.J., Hanan, N.P., Hoffmann, W., Scholes, R., Prince, S., Ferwerda, J., Lucas, R.M., Baker, I., Arneth, A., Higgings, S.I., Barret, D.J., Disney, M., Hutley, L. 2011. Remote sensing and modeling of savannas: The state of the dis-union. 34th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. Sydney, 1-6.HongRui, R., GuangSheng, Z., Feng, Z., XinShi, Z. 2011. Evaluating cellulose absorption index (CAI) for non-photosynthetic biomass estimation in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57, 1716-1722.Huete, A. . (1988). A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Remote Sensing of Environment, 25(3), 295-309. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(88)90106-xKuusk, A. (1995). A fast, invertible canopy reflectance model. Remote Sensing of Environment, 51(3), 342-350. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(94)00059-vLee, K.-S., Cohen, W. B., Kennedy, R. E., Maiersperger, T. K., & Gower, S. T. (2004). Hyperspectral versus multispectral data for estimating leaf area index in four different biomes. Remote Sensing of Environment, 91(3-4), 508-520. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.010Li, W., Niu, Z., Liang, X., Li, Z., Huang, N., Gao, S., … Muhammad, S. (2015). Geostatistical modeling using LiDAR-derived prior knowledge with SPOT-6 data to estimate temperate forest canopy cover and above-ground biomass via stratified random sampling. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 41, 88-98. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2015.04.020Liu, J., Miller, J.R., Haboudane, D., Pattey, E. 2004. Exploring the relationship between red edge parameters and crop variables for precision agriculture. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, Anchorage, 1276-1279.Mahalanobis, P.C. 1936. On the generalised distance in statistics. Proceedings National Institute of Science, India, 49-55Nagler, P. L., Inoue, Y., Glenn, E. ., Russ, A. ., & Daughtry, C. S. . (2003). Cellulose absorption index (CAI) to quantify mixed soil–plant litter scenes. Remote Sensing of Environment, 87(2-3), 310-325. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.001Pacheco-Labrador, J., González-Cascón, R., Martín, M. P., & Riaño, D. (2014). Understanding the optical responses of leaf nitrogen in Mediterranean Holm oak (Quercus ilex) using field spectroscopy. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 26, 105-118. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2013.05.013Perez-Priego, O., Guan, J., Rossini, M., Fava, F., Wutzler, T., Moreno, G., … Migliavacca, M. (2015). Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and photochemical reflectance index improve remote-sensing gross primary production estimates under varying nutrient availability in a typical Mediterranean savanna ecosystem. Biogeosciences, 12(21), 6351-6367. doi:10.5194/bg-12-6351-2015Pinty, B., & Verstraete, M. M. (1992). GEMI: a non-linear index to monitor global vegetation from satellites. Vegetatio, 101(1), 15-20. doi:10.1007/bf00031911Privette, J. ., Myneni, R. ., Knyazikhin, Y., Mukelabai, M., Roberts, G., Tian, Y., … Leblanc, S. . (2002). Early spatial and temporal validation of MODIS LAI product in the Southern Africa Kalahari. 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Proceeding, 3rd Earth Resource Technology Satellite (ERTS) Symposium, NASA, Washington DC, 1, 48-62SCHMIDTLEIN, S. (2004). Mapping of continuous floristic gradients in grasslands using hyperspectral imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 92(1), 126-138. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.004Serrano, L., Peñuelas, J., & Ustin, S. L. (2002). Remote sensing of nitrogen and lignin in Mediterranean vegetation from AVIRIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 81(2-3), 355-364. doi:10.1016/s0034-4257(02)00011-1SHAPIRO, S. S., & WILK, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3-4), 591-611. doi:10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591Smith, G. M., & Milton, E. J. (1999). The use of the empirical line method to calibrate remotely sensed data to reflectance. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 20(13), 2653-2662. doi:10.1080/014311699211994Wieneke, S., Ahrends, H., Damm, A., Pinto, F., Stadler, A., Rossini, M., & Rascher, U. (2016). 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Estimation of real evapotranspiration (ETR) and potential evapotranspiration (ETP) in the southwest of the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) using MODIS images

[EN] Using regression analysis between actual evapotranspiration (ETR) and potential evapotranspiration (ETP) values obtained in seven meteorological observatories and remote sensing derived data from MODIS images (Surface temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI) models for estimating ETR and ETP in the southwest of the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) were developed for the 2000–2014 period. Both models were satisfactorily evaluated in the meteorological observatories used. A regression model was adjusted for ETR with a determination coefficient of 0,6959. Regression model was nonlinear in the case of the ETP variable with a determination coefficient of 0,8409. The individual regression analysis for each meteorological observatories explicate the behavior of the regression for the total data set of ETR and ETP. According to these results, the utility of remote sensing in determination of ETR and ETP in areas without meteorological data was confirmed.[ES] Se han elaborado modelos para el cálculo de evapotranspiración real (ETR) y de evapotranspiración poten-cial (ETP) en base a un análisis de regresión múltiple entre dichos parámetros estimados en siete estaciones meteoro-lógicas y dos variables derivadas de imágenes satelitales MODIS: Temperatura de Superficie (TS) e Índice Normalizado de Diferencia de Vegetación (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index -NDVI). Dichos modelos permitieron estimar ETR y ETP en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) en base al análisis del período 2000/2014. Ambos fueron calibrados satisfactoriamente en cada una de las estaciones meteorológicas utilizadas. Se ajustó un modelo de regresión múltiple lineal a la variable ETR, con un coeficiente de determinación de 0,6959. En el caso de la variable ETP el modelo de regresión ajustado fue no lineal y su coeficiente de determinación de 0,8409. El análisis de regresión individual de cada una de las estaciones meteorológicas permitió explicar el comportamiento de la regresión basada en el conjunto completo de datos, tanto para la variable ETR como para la variable ETP. Los resultados refuerzan la ventaja de la teledetección en la estimación de ETR y ETP en zonas en donde no se dispone de datos meteorológicos.Marini, F.; Santamaría, M.; Oricchio, P.; Di Bella, CM.; Basualdo, A. (2017). Estimación de evapotranspiración real (ETR) y de evapotranspiración potencial (ETP) en el sudoeste bonaerense (Argentina) a partir de imágenes MODIS. Revista de Teledetección. (48):29-41. doi:10.4995/raet.2017.6743.SWORD294148Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Menenti, M., Feddes, R. A., & Holtslag, A. A. M. (1998). A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL). 1. Formulation. 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Remote Sensing of Environment, 63(1), 1-10. doi:10.1016/s0034-4257(97)00108-9Casta-eda-Ibá-ez, C., Martínez-Menes, M., PascualRamírez, F., Flores-Magdaleno, H., FernándezReynoso, D. y Esparza-Govea, S. 2015. Estimación de coeficientes de cultivo mediante sensores remotos en el distrito de riego río Yaqui, Sonora, México. Agrociencia, 49, 221-232.Castellví, F., & Snyder, R. L. (2010). A New Procedure Based on Surface Renewal Analysis to Estimate Sensible Heat Flux: A Case Study over Grapevines. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 11(2), 496-508. doi:10.1175/2009jhm1151.1Cihlar, J., St.-Laurent, L., & Dyer, J. A. (1991). Relation between the normalized difference vegetation index and ecological variables. Remote Sensing of Environment, 35(2-3), 279-298. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(91)90018-2Di Bella, C. M., Rebella, C. M., & Paruelo, J. M. (2000). Evapotranspiration estimates using NOAA AVHRR imagery in the Pampa region of Argentina. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21(4), 791-797. doi:10.1080/014311600210579Kustas, W. P., & Norman, J. M. (1997). A two-source approach for estimating turbulent fluxes using multiple angle thermal infrared observations. Water Resources Research, 33(6), 1495-1508. doi:10.1029/97wr00704Mora, F., & Iverson, L. R. (1998). On the sources of vegetation activity variation, and their relation with water balance in Mexico. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19(10), 1843-1871. doi:10.1080/014311698215027Mulleady, C., Barrera, D. 2013. Estimación de la tasa de evapotranspiración a partir de datos satelitales. Meteorológica, 38(1), 21-39.Sánchez, M. 2000. Características y apreciaciones generales de los métodos de medida y estimación de evapotranspiración. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, 27, 27-36.Tasumi, M., Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Allen, R.G. 2000. Application of the SEBAL methodology for estimating consumptive use of water and stream flow depletion in the Bear River Basin of Idaho through remote sensing. Idaho Department of Water Resources, University of Idaho, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering.Thornthwaite C.W., Mather, J.R. 1955. The water balance. Publications in climatology. Centerton, NJ: Drexel Institute of Technology. Vol. VIII, Nº. 1.WAN, Z. (2008). New refinements and validation of the MODIS Land-Surface Temperature/Emissivity products. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(1), 59-74. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.06.026Wang, W., Liang, S., & Meyers, T. (2008). Validating MODIS land surface temperature products using long-term nighttime ground measurements. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(3), 623-635. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2007.05.024Yang, W., Yang, L., & Merchant, J. W. (1997). An assessment of AVHRR/NDVI-ecoclimatological relations in Nebraska, U.S.A. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18(10), 2161-2180. doi:10.1080/01431169721781

Development of multilayer Hydroxyapatite - Ag/TiN-Ti coatings deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering with potential application in the biomedical field

"NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Surface and Coatings Technology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Surface and Coatings Technology, VOL 377, (2019) DOI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.06.097"[EN] The use of composite coatings is emerging as a great alternative to conventional coatings, allowing the combination of different superficial properties that are widely desired in surgical implants, such as osteointegration and bactericidal character, and cannot be provided by one material alone. In the present investigation the effect of the incorporation of a TiN-Ti intermediate bilayer on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, roughness, residual stresses and adhesion of a multi-layer Hydroxyapatite (HA)-Ag coating deposited on Ti-6Al-4V by magnetron sputtering was evaluated. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the developed system was evaluated by in vitro tests. According to the results obtained, a decrease in the Ca/P ratio from 1.85 to 1.74 was obtained through the deposition of an HA-Ag system on the intermediate bilayer, and the crystallinity of the developed coating was favored. The multi-layer structure was effectively observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, where it was possible to identify each of the HA, Ag, TiN and Ti layers. Meanwhile, an increase of 7% in crystallite size, a decrease of 36% in residual stresses and an increase of 32% in adhesion were registered for this composite coating compared to the free intermediate bilayer system. Finally, biological evaluation allowed the non-cytotoxic character of the deposited coatings to be confirmed.We thank the University of Antioquia, the Centro de Investigation, Innovation y Desarrollo de materiales (CIDEMAT) group, the Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovation (COLCIENCIAS) for financing the Project 15-1696, the scholarship program of Enlazamundos, PR and JLGR acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the project MAT2016-76039-C4-1-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) (including the FEDER financial support). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program. 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